Romans 2:28-29 “He is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh; but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the Spirit, not in the letter; whose praise is not from men but from God.”
Galatians 6:7-8 “In Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision avails anything, but a new creation. As many as walk according to this rule, peace and mercy be upon them and the Israel of God.”
In articles 659-663, we examined Matthew 21:43, Galatians 3:16, Galatians 3:29 and 1Peter 2:9-10 as Scriptures used by those who believe the New Testament church has either replaced the nation of Israel (Replacement Theology) or is a fulfillment of Israel, and has inherited the Old Testament promises made to Israel – thereby replacing Israel (Covenant Theology).
We concluded it is poor hermeneutics to apply one meaning to the same word everywhere it is used in the Bible. In Galatians 3:16,29 that word is “seed.” In 1Peter 2:9-10 the word is “chosen.”
Now, we examine Romans 2:28-29 and Galatians 6:7-8, where Replacement and Covenant Theologians misuse the Old Testament practice of circumcision as prooftexts for why believers are the “true Jews.”
Romans 2:28-29 “He is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is CIRCUMCISION that which is outward in the flesh; but he is a Jew who is one INWARDLY; and CIRCUMCISION is that of the HEART, IN THE SPIRIT, not in the letter; whose praise is not from men but from GOD.”
Galatians 6:7-8 “For IN CHRIST JESUS neither CIRCUMCISION nor UNCIRCUMCISION avails anything, but a NEW CREATION. And as many as walk according to this rule, peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the ISRAEL OF GOD.”
Let’s first define terms. What does circumcision mean, when used in both the Old & New Testaments?
New Testament CIRCUMCISED/ CIRCUMCISION= Greek “peritemnó” / “peritomé” = appears 18X in New Testament, around 4 main themes:
(1) the covenant roots of circumcision (Acts 7:8);
(2) the infancy narratives of John the Baptist and Jesus (Luke 1:59; Luke 2:21);
(3) the missionary journeys of Paul (Acts 15; Acts 16; Acts 21); and
(4) Paul’s epistles on the gospel’s freedom from Mosaic Law (Galatians, 1Corinthians, Colossians).
New Testament UNCIRCUMCISED/ UNCIRCUMCISION= Greek “aperitmétos” = “not cut around” (refers to an uncircumcised foreskin); signifies “alienated from God” and “being outside of God’s covenant” (those without the promise of His salvation).
Old Testament CIRCUMCISED/ CIRCUMCISION= Hebrew “namal” / “mâlâh” or “muwl” = to be clipped; to cut away/down; both literal and figurative (“of the heart”)
Old Testament UNCIRCUMCISED/ UNCIRCUMCISION= Hebrew “árel” / “órlah” = appears 35X, mostly plural, both literally (of the male without the covenant sign) and figuratively (of resistant lips, heart, or ears).
3 Truths on Old Testament “Circumcision”:
- Removal of the foreskin is the sign of the everlasting covenant membership instituted with Abraham (sealed Abraham’s offspring as a people forever separated to God).
- Every male member received a tangible, perpetual bodily mark as a reminder of 3 things:
- binding an individual male – and by extension his household – as participants in the promises God swore to Abraham and his offspring,
- calling him and his family to a life set apart for the Lord,
- removing sinful flesh as a requirement to belong to the covenant community
- Since it can also mean “to cut down”, it is a warning that refusal of covenant obedience leads to being “cut off” from God’s covenant promises (Genesis 17:14).
4 Themes on Biblical “Circumcision”:
#1 Old Testament – Covenant: Abraham
- Genesis 17:10-13 establishes circumcision as “the sign of the covenant” linking Abraham’s descendants to the promises of land, blessing, and a future Redeemer.
- Failure to observe the rite incurs the penalty of being “cut off” (Genesis 17:14), highlighting the gravity reflected in Exodus 4:25-26.
#2 Old Testament – Historical: God’s Chosen People
- Circumcision was practiced in parts of the ancient Near East, yet in Israel it uniquely marked belonging to the God of Abraham.
- Performing the rite on the 8th day (Leviticus 12:3) embedded covenant consciousness from infancy and distinguished Israel from surrounding nations (Judges 14:3; 1 Samuel 17:26).
#3 Old Testament – Prophetic: Heart Circumcision:
- While the literal foreskin must be removed, prophets pressed God’s people to the deeper reality the sign prefigured. “Circumcise your hearts, stiffen your necks no more” (Deuteronomy 10:16).
- Jeremiah sharpened the warning: “Circumcise yourselves to the LORD; remove the foreskin of your hearts” (Jeremiah 4:4).
- Physical circumcision without inward repentance invites divine judgment, for the Lord “will punish all the circumcised yet uncircumcised” (Jeremiah 9:25).
#4 New Testament
- The New Testament builds on this prophetic circumcised HEART, anticipating the Holy Spirit’s work: “He is a Jew who is one inwardly; circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit” (Romans 2:29).
- Circumcision served as a continual reminder that Israel’s identity, privileges, and responsibilities flowed from Divine grace, not human achievement (Romans 4:11).
- Physical circumcision: the shadow pointing forward to the cutting away of the “body of flesh” accomplished through REPENTANCE that leads to union with Christ (Colossians 2:11).
- Fulfillment in Messiah: Colossians 2:11-12 links physical circumcision to the believer’s union with Christ in His death and resurrection, declaring that the shadow has found its substance.
Typological: New Covenant Fulfillment “in Christ” = Connecting Romans 2:28-29 with Galatians 6:7-8
Paul says anyone “in Christ” – circumcised inwardly of the “heart,” are the “Israel of God.”
Paul describes people who are “IN CHRIST,” which he says has nothing to do with physical circumcision but instead has to do with becoming a “new creation” who is indwelt by the Holy Spirit.
Paul, in Galatians 6:7, explains anyone, whether Jew (circumcised) or Gentile (uncircumcised), can be a “new creation” in only one way: to be “IN CHRIST” – to be “INDWELT BY THE SPIRIT” – by placing your FAITH in the Person and achievement of Jesus Christ.
Paul, in Galatians 6:8, expands now on verse 7, which he defines here in verse 8 as “THIS RULE” (indwelt by the Holy Spirit through faith), by labeling ALL those who trust in Christ as the “Israel of God,” which includes all Jews (Old and New Testament) who are BELIEVERS.
Paul, in Romans 11:17, describes these saved Jews as “distinct branches” from saved Gentiles:
“If some of the natural branches (Jews) were broken off (due to unbelief), and you (Gentiles), being a wild olive tree, were grafted in AMONG THEM (those natural branches who believe in Christ), and with them (believing natural branches) became a partaker of the root and fatness of the olive tree…”
Where else does Paul describe this concept of a “new creation,” indwelt by the Holy Spirit?
2Corinthians 5:15-18 “Jesus Christ died for ALL, that those who live should live no longer for themselves, but for HIM WHO DIED FOR THEM AND THEN ROSE AGAIN. From now on, we regard no one according to the flesh. Even though we have known Christ according to the flesh, yet now we know Him thus no longer. Therefore, if anyone is IN CHRIST, he is a NEW CREATION; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become NEW. Now all things are of God, who has reconciled us to Himself through JESUS CHRIST…”
Romans 8:9 “But you are not in the flesh but IN THE SPIRIT, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. Now if anyone does not have the SPIRIT OF CHRIST, he is not His.”
Galatians 3:13-14 “Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, becoming a curse for us (as it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”), that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus; we might receive THE PROMISE OF THE SPIRIT THROUGH FAITH.”
Why this Argument of Christians being “True Jews” Fails:
Fallacy of False Equivalency in Romans 2:28-29 & Galatians 6:7-8 between Believers and Jews
In his ‘Bible Sojourner’ podcast ‘Jeff Durbin and the True Israel of God,’ Professor Peter Goeman (Professor of Old Testament & Biblical Languages at Shepherds Theological Seminary in Cary, NC; host of the ‘Bible Sojourner’ podcast) explains it is a logical fallacy to expand the Jewish audience, to whom Paul is writing in Romans 2:28-29 to include Gentile believers, who are “True Israel.”
This logic fallacy can be shown by going through the syllogism to uncover the error in thinking:
“Premise A = Romans 2:28-29 is addressed to Jews to define a true Jew, who is a follower of God, as circumcised in the heart, where circumcision in the flesh avails nothing.
Premise B = Galatians 6:7-8 is addressed to Gentiles to define true followers of God as circumcised in the heart, where circumcision in the flesh avails nothing.
Conclusion = Gentile believers – Christians – are “True Jews.”
What is being claimed here – the logical inference – in this syllogism is this:
Because ‘A’ is referred to as ‘X’, and
Because ‘B’ is referred to as ‘X’, then
We can conclude that ‘A’ refers to ‘B’.
A syllogism means the conclusion follows with certainty from the premises. But one can easily see this conclusion does not follow with certainty from these premises, even though we agree the premises are true. There could be other explanations for premises A and B then the Conclusion that was reached!
Just because ‘A’ is ‘X’, and ‘B’ is ‘X’, does not automatically mean that ‘A’ is ‘B’.
Biblically, we see this all over the place in the Bible.
One example is the phrase “son of man”:
This is very clearly a Messianic title (see Daniel 7:13) given to Jesus. But you also see it show up in Ezekiel quite often (see Ezekiel 2:1, 3:1, etc.). Does that mean that since Jesus is referred to as ‘son of man’, and Ezekiel is referred to as ‘son of man’, then automatically Jesus is Ezekiel?
No one would claim that, because CONTEXTUALLY you can see there is a difference in the use of ‘son of man’ between Jesus and Ezekiel. It is important to not say that just because the descriptions are the same, therefore they are the same.
Another example is ‘son of God’, where we see 4 different uses, all in different contexts:
(a) in Galatians 3:24-29 to refer to believers (also Matthew 5:9, Luke 6:35, John 1:12-13, etc.).
(b) in reference to Israel (Exodus 4:22-23).
(c.) in reference to angels (Job 1:6, Job 2:1).
(d) in reference to the Davidic kings (see 2Samuel 7:14, 1Chronicles ).
Here are at least 4 different categories of ‘sons of god.’ No one would claim they are all the same.
But we use this fallacious argument for both Romans 2:28-29 and Galatians 6:7-8 to support our position that True Israel is the Church, when this argument is not very strong.
So, just because believers are referred spiritually circumcised in the heart does not mean de facto that True Israel is the Church. Context is crucial!
This is also known as the Logical Fallacy of False Equivalency, where someone incorrectly asserts that two (or more) things are equivalent simply because they share some terms or characteristics, despite there also being substantial differences between them.
For example, we can write a syllogism that commits the logical fallacy of False Equivalency using cats and dogs by saying that cats and dogs are the same animal, since they’re both mammals with a tail:
Premise A = cats are mammals with tails
Premise B = dogs are mammals with tails
x False Conclusion = cats are dogs.
Here’s the false syllogism that commits the logical fallacy of False Equivalency for Believers vs. Jews:
Premise A = Jews who are circumcised in the heart are true Jews – true followers of God – per Romans 2:28-29.
Premise B = Gentiles who are circumcised in the heart are true followers of God – per Galatians 6:7-8.
x False Conclusion = Gentile Believers are the True (Spiritual) Jews.
Professor Peter Goeman (Old Testament & Biblical Languages, Shepherds Theological Seminary) from his Podcast “Jeff Durbin and the True Israel of God” on Romans 2:28-29
“In Romans 2:17, Paul begins this discussion by specifically targeting Jews (“You are called a Jew…”). Every commentator on Romans 2:28-29 understands the breakup in Romans chapters 1-3, that Paul begins with Gentiles and then targets Jews as his audience.
Paul says all, whether Gentile or Jew, are sinners in need of Jesus Christ as Savior. This is a very important concept, and he is talking to Jews specifically and is trying to undermine their reliance on the Mosaic Law, with their premier identity in the law being their circumcision.
So, one of the things Paul says is that your circumcision doesn’t mean what you think it does. Notice Paul does not say that those who are not circumcised are real Jews. If you look at the actual text itself, it says ‘No one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical.’
Paul is saying that to claim Jewish identity in the law – in circumcision – is not enough. There is something else that matters.
However, people like Jeff Durbin go a step further by claiming that anybody who is obeying God’s law is Jewish. But the text does not say that. Paul is not saying that anybody can be Jewish. He’s writing to those who claim to be Jew, that not all of those who claim to be Jewish are actually Jewish.
Notice the circle is actually made smaller in Romans 2:28-29 and not bigger as Durbin claims.
What a lot of people want to do is take Romans 2:28-29 and expand it to say ‘OK, the Jewish nation is fulfilled to include everybody.’ But that is not what is being said here. What’s being said is ‘Of that circle that claims to be Jewish and has a Jewish identity, that circle is actually made smaller because not every Jew who is a part of that circle is actually what it means to be a part of that identity in keeping the law through circumcision. It is a more constricted circle than an expanded circle.
Paul uses the example of Gentile Christians in the immediate context to undermine the Jewish reliance on their identity in law-keeping. Paul says in Romans 2:26 ‘If a man who is uncircumcised (that would be a Gentile) keeps the precepts of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?’
Paul argues that even a Gentile who keeps the law is doing what the law intended, so he is regarded as circumcised. But that’s regarding law-keeping, not knowing God (the “new creation” in Galatians 6:7-8).
Let’s take the conclusion that Durbin and others want to draw from Romans 2:28-29. Let’s assume for sake of argument that what you have here is Paul broadening the circle that everybody who is obeying God is a Jew.
Even if that’s true, does that mean that in every other place in Scripture where this applies – that everybody who is obeying God is a Jew – applies there as well? Of course not.
Think about when Paul says in Romans 1:16 ‘I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Gentile.’ Would Paul mean “Jew” here to mean “all those obeying God’s law, both Jew and Gentile” and then add on “and also the Gentile”? Obviously not. Paul means Jew in Romans 1.
The point is that you cannot take one passage’s meaning and just apply it on all others. That’s called source texting (i.e., you are looking for a verse with a word or words to support your idea, and then applying that idea to all other passages using those words… in this case, the definition of a “Jew”).
Even if Romans 2:28-29 is expanded so that Christians could be called a “True Jew”, does that mean then that Israel is NOT chosen of God? Does that mean there is no future for Israel? Any honest interpreter would have to say that these would be ridiculous claims.
We must understand that the hermeneutical practice would mandate, even if there is this new Jewish identity being brought upon Christians, we still have plenty of other passages – like Romans chapters
9-11 – where Paul clearly talks about a difference between Gentiles and Jews, where it is obvious there is a future for Israel!
Also, going back to the Old Testament, there are very clear passages that talk about a future for the nation of Israel, being God’s chosen people in the midst of their disobedience!
You cannot just take Romans 2 and say ‘This erases everything else in the Bible.
For some reason, people misuse this passage to try and show that all Christians are the true Jews. It’s a huge logical fallacy to just assume Israel and the Church are the same.”
Summary
We must start with the hermeneutic of “context” when the same word with multiple meanings is used across multiple passages. It is crucial to know the context in which that word is used!
To just say that some Scripture that references “circumcision of the heart”, or “seed”, or “offspring”, or “descendant”, or “son”, is used the same way across all Scriptures where it is being used… is incorrect.
For anyone to apply the meaning of “Jew” in Romans 2:28-29 or “Israel” in Galatians 6:7-8 to the meaning of “Jew” or “Israel” everywhere else in the Old and New Testaments is sloppy hermeneutics.
Bible verses on PHYSICAL Circumcision (Romans 2:28-29) è
1) Outwardly, 2) in the Flesh, 3) in the letter, 4) from men
Genesis 17:10-11 “This is My covenant, which you shall keep, between Me and you and your seed after you: Every male among you shall be CIRCUMCISED. You shall be CIRCUMCISED in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and you.”
Genesis 17:12-13 “He who is 8 days old among you shall be CIRCUMCISED. Every male throughout your generations, whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your seed, both he who is born in your house and he who is bought with your money, shall surely be CIRCUMCISED. So shall My covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant.”
Genesis 17:14 “Any UNCIRCUMCISED male who is not CIRCUMCISED in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”
Genesis 17:23-25 “Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house and all who were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house, and CIRCUMCISED the flesh of their foreskins that very same day, as God had said to him. Abraham was 99 years old when he was CIRCUMCISED in the flesh of his foreskin. And Ishmael his son was 13 years old when he was CIRCUMCISED in the flesh of his foreskin.”
Genesis 21:4 “Abraham CIRCUMCISED Isaac when he was 8 days old, as God commanded him.”
Genesis 34:15-17 “On this condition we (ISRAEL) will consent to you: If you will become as we are, if every male of you is CIRCUMCISED, then we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters to us; and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. But if you will not heed us and be CIRCUMCISED, then we will take our daughter and be gone.”
Genesis 34:22-25 “Only on this condition will the men consent to dwell with us, to be one people: if every male among us is CIRCUMCISED as they are CIRCUMCISED. Will not their livestock, their property, and every animal of theirs be ours? Only let us consent to them, and they will dwell with us. And all who went out of the gate of his city heeded Hamor and Shechem his son; every male was CIRCUMCISED, all who went out of the gate of his city.”
Exodus 4:25-26 “Then Zipporah took a sharp stone and cut off the foreskin of her son and cast it at Moses’ feet, and said, ‘Surely you are a husband of blood to me!’ So, He let him go. Then she said, ‘You are a husband of blood’ – because of the CIRCUMCISION.”
Exodus 6:12 “Moses spoke before the LORD, saying, ‘The children of Israel have not heeded me. How then shall Pharaoh heed me, for I am of UNCIRCUMCISED lips?’”
Exodus 12:44 “Every man’s servant who is bought for money, when you have CIRCUMCISED him, then he may eat it.”
Exodus 12:48 “When a stranger dwells with you and wants to keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be CIRCUMCISED, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as a native of the land. For no UNCIRCUMCISED person shall eat it.”
Leviticus 12:3 “And on the 8th day the flesh of his foreskin shall be CIRCUMCISED.”
Joshua 5:2-5 “At that time the Lord said to Joshua, ‘Make flint knives for yourself, and CIRCUMCISE the sons of Israel again the second time.’ Joshua made flint knives for himself, and CIRCUMCISED the sons of Israel at the hill of the foreskins. This is the reason why Joshua CIRCUMCISED them: all the people who came out of Egypt who were males, all the men of war, had died in the wilderness on the way, after they had come out of Egypt. For all the people who came out had been CIRCUMCISED, but all the people born in the wilderness, on the way as they came out of Egypt, had not been CIRCUMCISED.”
Joshua 5:7-9 “Then Joshua CIRCUMCISED their sons whom He raised up in their place; for they were UNCIRCUMCISED, because they had not been CIRCUMCISED on the way. So it was, when they had finished CIRCUMCISING all the people, that they stayed in their places in the camp till they were healed. Then the LORD said to Joshua, ‘This day I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.’ Therefore, the name of the place is called Gilgal to this day.”
Luke 1:59 “So it was, on the 8th day, that they came to CIRCUMCISE the child; and they would have called him by the name of his father, Zacharias.”
Luke 2:21 “At the end of 8 days, when He was CIRCUMCISED, He was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before He was conceived in the womb.”
John 7:22-23 “Moses gave you CIRCUMCISION (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you CIRCUMCISE a man on the Sabbath. If a man receives CIRCUMCISION on the Sabbath, so the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?”
Acts 7:8 “Then He gave him the covenant of CIRCUMCISION; and so, Abraham begot Isaac and CIRCUMCISED him on the 8th day; and Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot the twelve patriarchs.”
Acts 10:45 “And those of the CIRCUMCISION who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out on the Gentiles also.”
Acts 11:2-3 “When Peter came up to Jerusalem, those of the CIRCUMCISION contended with him, saying, ‘You went in to UNCIRCUMCISED men and ate with them!’”
Acts 15:1,5 “Certain men came down from Judea and taught the brethren, ‘Unless you are CIRCUMCISED according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.’ Some of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, ‘It is necessary to CIRCUMCISE them, and command them to keep the law of Moses.’”
Acts 15:24 “Since we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, “You must be CIRCUMCISED and keep the law” – to whom we gave no such commandment…”
Acts 16:3 “Paul wanted to have him go on with him. And he took him and CIRCUMCISED him because of the Jews who were in that region, for they all knew that his father was Greek.”
Acts 21:20-21 “When they heard it, they glorified the Lord. And they said to him, ‘You see, brother, how many myriads of Jews there are who have believed, and they are all zealous for the law; but they have been informed about you that you teach all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to CIRCUMCISE their children nor to walk according to the customs.’”
Romans 2:25-27 “For CIRCUMCISION indeed is of value if you obey the law, but if you break the law, your CIRCUMCISION becomes uncircumcision. So, if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the precepts of the law, will not his UNCIRCUMCISION be regarded as CIRCUMCISION? Then he who is physically UNCIRCUMCISED but keeps the law will condemn you who have the written code and CIRCUMCISION but break the law.”
Romans 15:8 “Now I say that Jesus Christ has become a servant to the CIRCUMCISION for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers…”
1 Corinthians 7:18-19 “Was anyone at the time of his call already CIRCUMCISED? Let him not seek to remove the marks of CIRCUMCISION. Was anyone at the time of his call UNCIRCUMCISED? Let him not seek CIRCUMCISION. For neither CIRCUMCISION counts for anything nor UNCIRCUMCISION, but keeping the commandments of God.”
Galatians 2:3 “Not even Titus who was with me, being Greek, was compelled to be CIRCUMCISED.”
Galatians 2:7-9 “But on the contrary, when they saw that the gospel for the UNCIRCUMCISED had been committed to me, as the gospel for the CIRCUMCISED was to Peter (for He who worked effectively in Peter for the apostleship to the CIRCUMCISED also worked effectively in me toward the Gentiles)… and when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that had been given to me, they gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the CIRCUMCISED.”
Galatians 2:12 “Before certain men came from James, he would eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the CIRCUMCISION.”
Galatians 5:2-3 “I, Paul, say to you that if you become CIRCUMCISED, Christ will profit you nothing. I testify again to every man who becomes CIRCUMCISED that he is a debtor to keep the whole law.”
Galatians 5:6 “For in Christ Jesus neither CIRCUMCISION nor UNCIRCUMCISION counts for anything, but only faith working through love.”
Galatians 5:11-12 “I, brethren, if I still preach CIRCUMCISION, why do I still suffer persecution? Then the offense of the cross has ceased. I could wish that those who trouble you would even cut themselves off!”
Galatians 6:15 “For neither CIRCUMCISION counts for anything, nor UNCIRCUMCISION, but a new creation.”
Galatians 6:12-13 “As many as desire to make a good showing in the flesh, these would compel you to be CIRCUMCISED, only that they may not suffer persecution for the cross of Christ. For not even those who are CIRCUMCISED keep the law, but they desire to have you CIRCUMCISED that they may boast in your flesh.”
Ephesians 2:11 “Remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called ‘the UNCIRCUMCISION’ by what is called the CIRCUMCISION, which is made in the flesh by hands…”
Philippians 3:4b-6 “If anyone else thinks he may have confidence in the flesh, I more so: CIRCUMCISED the 8th day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee. Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.”
Colossians 3:11 “Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, CIRCUMCISED nor UNCIRCUMCISED, barbarian, Scythian, slave nor free, but Christ is all and in all.”
Colossians 4:11 “…These are my only fellow workers for the kingdom of God who are of the CIRCUMCISION; they have proved to be a comfort to me.”
Titus 1:10-11 “For there are many insubordinate, both idle talkers and deceivers, especially those of the CIRCUMCISION, whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole households, teaching things which they ought not, for the sake of dishonest gain.””
“The Evidence of Faith’s Substance”_Article #664
FSE University 